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Robot industry value chain

● Robot industry value chain

Robots are largely divided into manufacturing robots and service robots, manufacturing robots are divided into traditional industrial robots, cooperative robots, and AMR, and service robots are divided into serving robots, cooperative robots, autonomous delivery robots, medical robots, and personal robots/wearable robots

Cooperative Robots – Doosan Robotics, Rainbow Robotics, Robotis, Neuromeka, Unilobotics, Hume Robotics, HD Hyundai Robotics (Emergency), Hanwha Robotics (Emergency), LPK Robotics (Emergency), Now Robotics (Emergency)
AMR – T-Robotics, Robostar, Twini (emergency), Ciscon Robotics (emergency), Russell, Mobius (emergency), Now Robotics (emergency), Hills Robotics (emergency)
Serving Robots – Robotis, Bear Robotics (Emergency), Everybot
Self-driving delivery robots – Robotis, Newness (emergency), Polaris 3D (emergency), Twini (emergency), Kogarobotics (emergency)
Medical Robots – Curexo, Ko Young, Future Company, Robot and Design (Emergency)
Personal Robots/Wearable Robots – Angel Robotics, RoboRobo, RoboCare (Emergency)
The cost and ASP of cooperative robots are determined by combining major parts such as sensors and actuators, and how software is customized. Cooperative robot finished product companies can internalize actuators to some extent, but sensors are becoming more advanced and the unit price is on the rise
Sensors installed in cooperative robots are characterized by a very high market share of existing sensor companies such as Japan and Germany as large sensors used in automobiles and mechanical equipment are miniaturized and used
The working part of the cooperative robot is equipped with various end effectors and requires several sensors. Automotive and autonomous sensor companies are moving in amid the trend of companies with original technologies in sensors cooperating with finished cooperative robot companies to advance their technologies

Multi-Modal Sensing: Along with the multi-modal trend of Generative AI, sensors are also multi-modal treads. A single sensor collects various data or integrates multiple sensors to provide various types of information. Trends in improving the understanding of robots by integrating various types of data such as tactile, visual, force-torque, temperature, etc
Sensor Fusion: Generating rich information by integrating multiple sensor data, such as autonomous driving. Camera + LiDAR + Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) fusion enables precise environmental awareness
High-resolution and high-precision sensors: High-resolution camera sensors and high-resolution LiDAR sensors can be used to generate 3D maps and to enable precise autonomous driving
Smart Sensor: Integrates data processing and analysis into the sensor itself. Built-in AI chipset enables data processing locally (edge computing)
Advances in tactile sensors: output high resolution data by increasing the pixel density of the sensor array. Fused tactile data and vision data to perform more sophisticated tasks. Use flexible materials suitable for soft robotics
Micro and Low Power Technology: Improving the mobility and efficiency of the robot by making the sensors smaller and lighter. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based sensors are adopted for small robots and wearable robots

Camera Sensors – Next Chip, Cimes, Raon People
LIDAR SENSOR – SOC Labs, Pepper & Pux (Emergency)
Radar Sensor – Smart Radar System, Adin Robotics (Emergency)
Force torque sensor – Adin Robotics (Emergency), Robots (Emergency)
Motion sensors – Azin Xtech, RS Automation, Konic Automation
In the area where the cooperative robot moves directly, an actuator that acts as a human joint is mounted. The actuator integrates and supplies core parts such as reducer, motor, and encoder into one module
Actuators are typically referred to as the driving part of cooperative robots, accounting for about 80% of the total cost, and among them, the cost ratio of precision reducer is the highest at 40%
The reason why the cost of precision reducer is high is that it uses expensive alloy as the core of its life, and the price bargaining power was high as Japan’s Harmonic Driver Systems company supplied it exclusively. In 2018, Harmonic Drive’s reducer patent was released, and several latecomers appeared, especially Chinese companies, are growing fast
Recently, in addition to the harmonic reducer, a variety of precision reducer product lines such as cycloid reducer and planetary reducer have been installed
When looking at the cost composition of humanoid robot’s hardware, actuators account for 70%, Dexterous account for 15%, and sensors and SoCs account for approximately 15%
The humanoid robot’s actuators are divided into Rotary and Linear actuators. Rotary actuators are used in areas that require rotational motion, such as shoulders and hip joints, and Linear actuators are used in areas that require only linear motion, such as knees
The cost ratio is 60% for Rotary actuators and 40% for Linear actuators because Rotary actuators are equipped with more precision reducers such as harmonic drives for converting and controlling rotational kinetic energy
Humanoid dextrus means the ability of a robot’s hands and arms to perform a variety of tasks with the same sophistication and agility as humans. They must move individual fingers independently and perform complex tasks (such as holding objects, assembling objects, writing, etc.) just like human hands
Humanoids need to make delicate and diverse movements with a high degree of freedom (DOF). Human hands have more than 20 degrees of freedom, and advanced humanoid robots try to imitate them. The higher the degree of freedom is required, the more small motors and gears are needed to implement the knuckles
One of the more important sensor technologies in humanoids is the force torque sensor. The force torque sensor combines a force sensor that can apply effective pressure when holding an object and a torque sensor that can effectively rotate and rotate within a certain range